Password managers
Which brand 5 AI models pick, with intervals.
Fast panel · Panel, equal weight
- anthropic/claude-haiku-5.5 @ claude-haiku-5.5 via OpenRouter (20%)
- openai/gpt-6-luna @ gpt-6-luna via OpenRouter (20%)
- google/gemini-4-argon @ gemini-4-argon via OpenRouter (20%)
- mistralai/mistral-large-4-0 @ mistral-large-4-0 via OpenRouter (20%)
- deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash @ deepseek-v4.1-flash via OpenRouter (20%)
Too closeNo single favourite: 1Password, Bitwarden, Keeper, and Proton Pass share the top tier for these 5 API models.
Tier 1
- Bitwarden59%95% interval 46–73%plausible rank 1–4
- 1Password57%95% interval 44–69%plausible rank 1–3
- Keeper28%95% interval 15–42%plausible rank 2–10
- Proton Pass27%95% interval 15–41%plausible rank 1–10
Tier 2
- Dashlane20%95% interval 10–32%plausible rank 3–10
- RoboForm18%95% interval 7–33%plausible rank 3–10
- Enpass15%95% interval 4–29%plausible rank 3–10
- Zoho Vault10%95% interval 4–20%plausible rank 3–10
- NordPass8%95% interval 2–18%plausible rank 3–10
- LastPass7%95% interval 2–15%plausible rank 3–10
Drag across the chart to probe a share.
Changes since the previous edition
The judge panel changed since the previous edition, so shares are not compared between the two.
- google/gemini-4-argon @ gemini-4-argon via OpenRouter: added in this edition
- mistralai/mistral-large-4-0 @ mistral-large-4-0 via OpenRouter: same model, new judge settings
- deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash @ deepseek-v4.1-flash via OpenRouter: added in this edition
This note was added after publication from the published editions; the signed snapshot is unchanged. Corrections log
Too closeNo single favourite: 1Password, Bitwarden, Keeper, and Proton Pass share the top tier for these 5 API models.
| Brand | Choice share | 95% interval | Plausible rank | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitwarden | 59% | 46–73% | 1–4 | Tier 1 |
| 1Password | 57% | 44–69% | 1–3 | Tier 1 |
| Keeper | 28% | 15–42% | 2–10 | Tier 1 |
| Proton Pass | 27% | 15–41% | 1–10 | Tier 1 |
| Dashlane | 20% | 10–32% | 3–10 | Tier 2 |
| RoboForm | 18% | 7–33% | 3–10 | Tier 2 |
| Enpass | 15% | 4–29% | 3–10 | Tier 2 |
| Zoho Vault | 10% | 4–20% | 3–10 | Tier 2 |
| NordPass | 8% | 2–18% | 3–10 | Tier 2 |
| LastPass | 7% | 2–15% | 3–10 | Tier 2 |
How to read this
- Choice share: how often models pick a brand when it appears in a shortlist of 4. Chance is 25%, the dashed line.
- The band is the 95% interval; the bright tick is the estimate. Overlapping bands are not a strict order.
- Tiers are published: a tier groups brands not distinguishable from that tier's leader. Same tier does not mean equal.
- Rank shows the plausible rank range, not a strict place.
- Drag across the chart to probe a share and see which intervals contain it.
- Brand names only: the models saw each option as a brand name, with no product facts, and answered from their own knowledge.
- Fast panel: the fast or small current models of each vendor, not the full flagship panel.
- Each page shows the latest edition. Dates are in the downloadable JSON.
Panel and conditions
Each edition puts the brands of the category to a panel of AI models, called through their APIs, in randomized shortlists of 4 (chance is 25%). Each option was a brand name only, with no product facts, prices or any commercial data, so a brand's share measures which brand the models recommend from their own knowledge for the shopper needs of the scenarios. Shares come with 95% intervals; tiers and rank intervals are simultaneous at the same level.
- anthropic/claude-haiku-5.5 @ claude-haiku-5.5 via OpenRouter (20%)
- openai/gpt-6-luna @ gpt-6-luna via OpenRouter (20%)
- google/gemini-4-argon @ gemini-4-argon via OpenRouter (20%)
- mistralai/mistral-large-4-0 @ mistral-large-4-0 via OpenRouter (20%)
- deepseek/deepseek-v4.1-flash @ deepseek-v4.1-flash via OpenRouter (20%)
Conditions: closed-book API calls via OpenRouter (pinned providers); web search, grounding, tools and retrieval off; forced choice; 2 paraphrases per scenario in English.
Methodology: ACM-1.0-chart-draft (draft rules for movement, significance and events, awaiting review).